Tawfīqī1 or Ijtihādī of Naming Surahs of the Qur'an and Its Jurisprudential Effects

Document Type : The scientific research paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Shafe’i Jurisprudence and Law, University of Kordestan, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of History and Archaeology, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

The Qur'an, like other holy books, has smaller sections that are called "Surahs" based on the Qur'anic verses. The significant and privileged position of the Qur'an is accepted by all Islamic religions, and the effort to preserve this position, along with the divinity of its words, has caused most of the debates that refer to the structure of the Qur'an to be considered Tawfīqī (non-arbitrary) matters. The arrangement of the verses and the scope of the Surahs is one of the things that there is a consensus on their being non-arbitrary; However, there are two general views regarding the naming of the Surahs of the Qur'an. Most of the Qur'anic scholars believe that based on narrative and rational reasons, the naming of Surahs is one of the non-arbitrary matters; while some experts have considered it as a matter of ijtihād2. The acceptance of each point of view will have different jurisprudential effects. This research is of a qualitative type and has investigated the mentioned issue through a descriptive-analytical method based on content analysis. This study by inferring the arguments of both views and relying on the historical analysis of the stages of naming the Surahs of the Qur'an, has preferred the view of Ijtihādī-oriented naming. Of the most important jurisprudential effects of accepting ijtihād in naming Surahs of the Qur'an is the permissibility of accepting new names for Surahs, the point that the Qur'anic names do not imply the valuing of people or the subject, the impossibility of inferring jurisprudential rulings by referring to the names of the Surahs or proving the virtue of names, etc.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

توقیفی یا اجتهادی بودن نام‌گذاری سور قرآن و آثار فقهی آن

Authors [Persian]

  • وریا حفیدی 1
  • سید محمدرضا هاشمی نیا 2
1 استادیار گروه فقه و حقوق شافعی دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران.
2 استادیار گروه تاریخ و باستان‌شناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکز، تهران، ایران.
Abstract [Persian]

قرآن همچون سایر کتب آسمانی، دارای بخش‌های کوچک‌تر است که براساس آیات قرآنی، «سوره» نامیده شده است. جایگاه متمایز و ممتاز قرآن مورد پذیرش همه مذاهب اسلامی است و تلاش برای حفظ آن، در کنار قداست و قدسی بودن الفاظ سبب شده، غالب مباحثی را که ناظر به ساختار قرآن است، از امور توقیفی به‌شمار آورند. چنیش آیات و محدوده سوره‌ها از اموری است که اتفاق‌نظر بر توقیفی بودن آنها وجود دارد؛ اما در خصوص نام‌گذاری سوره‌های قرآن دو دیدگاه کلی وجود دارد. اکثر قرآن‌پژوهان با استناد به دلایل نقلی و عقلی معقتدند نام‌گذاری سوره‌ها از امور توقیفی بوده؛ در حالی‌که برخی از صاحب‌نظران آن را از امور اجتهادی دانسته‌اند و پذیرش هر دیدگاه، آثار فقهی متفاوتی به‌دنبال خواهد داشت. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کیفی بوده و با روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی بر پایه تحلیل محتوا به بررسی مسأله مذکور پرداخته و با استقرای ادله طرفین و استمداد از تحلیل تاریخی مراحل نام‌گذاری سوره‌های قرآن، دیدگاه اجتهادی بودن نام‌گذاری سوره‌های قرآن را ترجیح داده است. از ‌مهم‌ترین آثار فقهی پذیرش اجتهادی بودن نام‌گذاری سوره‌های قرآن، می‌توان به جواز پذیرش نام‌های جدیدِ سوره‌ها، عدم دلالت نام‌های قرآنی بر ارزش‌گذاری افراد یا موضوع، عدم امکان استنباط احکام فقهی با استناد به اسامی سور یا اثبات فضیلت مسمی و... اشاره کرد.

Keywords [Persian]

  • توقیف
  • اجتهاد
  • نام‌گذاری
  • سُور قرآن
  • احکام فقهی
  • سیر تاریخی

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Quran and Religious Enlightenment
Volume 4, Issue 2 - Serial Number 8
January 2024
Pages 147-164

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History

  • Receive Date: 26 June 2023
  • Revise Date: 08 July 2023
  • Accept Date: 14 August 2023

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