Literary Wisdom and Teachings of Swearing at Night From the Root “Layl” in the Holy Quran

Document Type : The scientific research paper

Authors

1 PhD student of Quran and Hadith Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University Qom Branch, Qom, Iran

2 Department of Quranic and Hadith Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University of Qom Branch, Qom, Iran

3 Department of Islamic Wisdom and Theology, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University of Qom Branch, Qom, Iran

Abstract

The words of the Qur'an are wise and truths can be discovered from it with literary sciences. The question of this research is"What is the wisdom and literary teachings of swearing at night from the root "Layl" in the Holy Quran?" With a descriptive and analytical method, some of these teachings taken from literary sciences are: 1)oath to the whole, beginning, middle or end of the night and ten nights; Expressing the importance of division. 2)The verbs "Yaghshi" and "Yaser" express the gradual occurrence of night. 3)Removing the object "yaghshi" which means generalization and the object "yaghsha" land and other things. 4)"Al" gender or promise in "Al-Lail"(Fajr:4) indicates the gender of the night or a certain night. 5)The inflection of "Al-layl" to "Layal-e-Ashr" is a general over specific expression, and the inflection to "al-Fajr" is an opposite. 6)Allowing the removal of the "y" at the end of "Yasr"(Fajr:4) to express the eloquence of the speech; The permission to remove the adaf in (Shishq:17) expresses the generality. 7)Golding "Layal" expressing the greatness and designation of special nights. 8)The ratio of "Ghashi", "Saja", "Yaser" to "Al-Layl" is allowed by reason of the ratio of verb or cause to time. 9)"Sajji", "Wasaqh", "Aasas", "Yaser" are metaphors for things related to the night. 10)"Aasas" is an allusion to the end of the night. 11)contrast of night with day or night with morning; Expressing the difference between natural works or the two faces of right and wrong.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

حکمت و آموزه های ادبی سوگند به وقت شب از ماده «لیل» در قرآن کریم

Authors [Persian]

  • مهدی نظام آبادی 1
  • علی اصغر تجری 2
  • هادی واسعی 3
1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم قرآن و حدیث، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قم، قم، ایران
2 گروه علوم قرآن و حدیث، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قم، قم، ایران
3 گروه حکمت و کلام اسلامی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قم، قم، ایران
Abstract [Persian]

الفاظ قرآن حکیمانه است و با علوم ادبی، حقایقی از آن کشف می شود. پرسش این تحقیق آن است که: «حکمت و آموزه های ادبی سوگند به وقت شب از ماده «لیل» در قرآن کریم چیست؟» با روش توصیفی و تحلیلی، بخشی از این آموزه های برگرفته از علوم ادبی عبارتند از: 1) سوگند به تمام، آغاز، وسط یا پایان شب و شب های دهگانه؛ بیانگر اهمیت مُقسم. 2) فعل «یَغشى» و «یَسر» بیانگر حدوث تدریجی شب. 3) حذف مفعول «یَغشى» گویای تعمیم و مفعول «یَغْشاها» زمین و امور دیگر. 4) «ال» جنس یا عهد در «اللَّیْلِ»(فجر:4) بیانگر جنس شب یا شب معیّن. 5) عطف «اللَّیْلِ» به «لَیالٍ عَشْرٍ» بیان عام بر خاص و عطف به «الْفَجْرِ» بیان امری متضاد. 6) ایجاز به حذف «ی» آخر «یَسْرِ»(فجر:4) بیانگر رسایی سخن؛ ایجاز به حذف عائد در (انشقاق:17) بیانگر عمومیت. 7) نکره آوردن «لَیالٍ‏» بیانگر عظمت و تعیین شب هاى مخصوص. 8) نسبت «غَشی»، «سَجی»، «یَسر» به «اللَّیْل» مجاز عقلی از نسبت فعل یا علت به زمان. 9) «سَجی»، «وَسَق»، «عَسعَس»، «یَسر» استعاره از اموراتی مربوط به شب. 10) «عَسعَس» کنایه از پایان شب. 11) تقابل شب با روز یا شب با صبح؛ بیانگر تفاوت آثار طبیعی یا دو چهره حق و باطل.

Keywords [Persian]

  • حکمت؛ ادبی
  • سوگند
  • وقت
  • شب
  • لَیل
  • قرآن کریم

References

The Holy Qur’an [translated by Nasser Makarem Shirazi (1994),] Qom: Office of Islamic History and Education Studies.
Abu al-Hussein, Ahmad bin Faris bin Zakaria (1404 AH). Mu'jam al-Maqāyīs al-Lugha, Qom: School of Islamic Studies, first edition.
Buqā'ī, Ibrahim bin Omar (1427 AH). Nazm al-Durar fī Tanāsub al-Āyāt wal-Suwar, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmīya, Muhammad Ali Beizun's Publications, third edition.
Darwīsh, Mohy al-Din (1415 AH). 'I'rāb al-Qur'an al-Karīm wa Bayāni, Homs (Syria): Al-Irshad, 4th edition.
Davarpanah, Abulfazl (1987). Anwār al-'Irfān fī Tafsīr al-Qur'an, Tehran: Sadr Library, first edition.
Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar (nd). Dehkhoda’s Dictionary, [words: wisdom and politeness], website: http://www.vajehyab.com/dehkhoda/
Esfahanī, Hossein bin Mohammad Raghib (1412 AH). Al-Mufradāt, Lebanon: Dar al-‘Ilm - Dar al-Shāmīya, first edition.
Farāhīdī, Khalil bin Ahmad (1410 AH). Kitāb al-‘Ain, Qom: Hijrat Publishing House, Second edition.
Fayoumī, Ahmad Bin Mohammad Moqrī (nd). Al-Misbāh al-Munīr fī Gharīb al-Sharh al-Kabeer lil-Rāfi'ī, Qom: Dar al-Radī's Publications.
Hashemi Rafsanjani, Ali Akbar (2007). The Commentary of Rahnama, Qom: Boostan-e Ketab Qom (Islamic Propagation Office Publications of Qom Seminary). first edition.
Himyarī, Nashwaan bin Saeed (1420 AH). Shams al-Uloom wa Dawā’ al-Kalām, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, first edition.
Ibn Adel, Omar Ibn Ali (1419 AH). Al-Lubāb fī Ulūm al-Kitāb, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmīya, Muhammad Ali Beyzoon's Publications, first edition.
Ibn Āshūr, Muhammad Tahīr (1420 AH). Tafsīr al-Tahrir wal-Tanwīr known as Ibn Āshūr's Tafsīr, Beirut: Arabic History Institute.
Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (17/12/2018). "Tafseer of Surah Shams, session 1", website of Isra International Foundation for Revelation: https://esra.ir/fa
Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (20/12/2018). "Tafseer Surah Layl, session 1", website of Isra International Foundation for Revelation: https://esra.ir/fa
Javadi Amoli, Abdullah (2018). Tasnim: Interpretation of the Holy Qur'an, Qom: Isra'.
Javadi Amoli, Abdullah, (22/10/2018). "Tafseer of Surah Inshiqāq, session 4", website of Isra International Foundation for Revelation Sciences: https://esra.ir/fa
Jawharī, Ismail bin Hammād (1410 AH). Al-Sihāh, Beirut: Dar al-‘Ilm, first edition.
Jazarī, Ibn Athīr, Mubarak Ibn Muhammad (nd). Al-Nihāya fī Gharib al-Hadith wal-Athar, Qom: Ismailian Press Institute, first edition.
Kamali Dezfuli, Ali (1993). Qur'an the Great Thiql, Qom: Osweh, first edition.
Kāshānī, Fathullah bin Shukrullah (nd). Manhaj al-Sadiqīn fī Ilzām al-Mukhālifīn, Tehran: Islamic Book Shop, 1st edition.
Khakbaz, Neda (2014). Philosophy and the Effects of God's Oaths in the Qur'an, Karaj: Nam-e Maktab al-Zahra (S), first edition.
Khatib al-Sharbīnī, Muhammad ibn Ahmad (1425 AH). Tafsīr al-Khatīb al-Sharbīnī al-Musammā al-Sirāj al-Munīr, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmīya, Muhammad Ali Bayzūn’s Publications, first edition.
Khorramdel, Mostafa (2004). Tafsīr Noor (Khorramdel). Tehran: Ehsan, 4th edition.
Kotharī, Abbas (2014). Culture-Analytical Dictionary of wujūh and nazā’ir in the Qur'an, Qom: Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture.
Makarem Shirazi, Nasser (1992). Tafsīr Nemooneh, Tehran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamīya, 10th edition.
Makarem Shirazi, Nasser (2007). The Frequently Repeated Oaths of the Qur'an, Qom: Madrasa al-Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (AS).
Ma'rifat, Mohammad Hadi (1410 AH). Al-Tamhīd, Qom: Qom Seminary, Management Center, 3rd edition.
Mawirdī, Ali bin Muhammad (nd). Al-Nukat wal-‘Uyūn Tafsīr al-Māwirdī, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmīya, Muhammad Ali Baizoon's Publications, first edition.
Mohammadi, Hamid (2004). Qur'anic Language: Introduction to Rhetorical Sciences 1 (science of meaning, expression and originality). Qom: Dar al-Zekr Cultural Institute, fifth edition.
Mughnīyeh, Mohammad Jawad (1425 AH). Al-Tafsīr al-Mubīn, Qom: Dar al-Kitāb al-Islami, third edition.
Mughnīyeh, Mohammad Jawad (2009). Translation of Tafsīr Kāshif, Qom: Boostan Kitab-e Qom (Islamic Propagation Office Publications of Qom Seminary), first edition.
Mustafawī, Hassan (1402 AH). Al-Tahqīq fī Kalimāt al-Qur'an al-Karīm, Tehran: Al-Kitab Center for Translation and Publishing.
Mustafawī, Hassan (1430 AH). Al-Tahqīq fī Kalimāt al-Qur'an al-Karīm, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīya, third edition.
Nizām al-A'raj, Hassan bin Muhammad (1416 AH). Tafsīr Ghara’ib al-Qur'an wa Raghā’ib al-Furqān, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmīya, Muhammad Ali Baizoon's Publications, first edition
Nuhās, Ahmad bin Muhammad (1421 AH). 'I'rāb al-Qur'an (Nuhās). Beirut: Dar al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmīya, Muhammad Ali Baizoon's Publications, first edition.
Qūnawī, Ismail Ibn Muhammad (1422 AH). Al-Qūnawī's Commentary on Imam al-Baydāwī's Commentary and Ibn al-Tamjid's Commentary, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīya, Muhammad Ali Bayzoon's Publications, first edition.
Qurashī Banānī, Ali Akbar (1992). Qur’an Dictionary, Tehran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islāmīya, 6th edition.
Qurashī Bunābī, Ali Akbar (1996). Tafsīr Ahsan al-Hadith, Tehran: Be’that Foundation, Publishing Center, second edition.
Rezaei Esfahani, Mohammad Ali (2008). The Qur’an Commentary of Mehr, Qom: Researches on Tafsīr and Sciences of the Qur'an.
Sābounī, Muhammad Ali (1421 AH). Safwat al-Tafāsīr, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, first edition.
Sādeghī Tehrani, Muhammad (1419 AH). Al-Balāgh fī Tafsīr al-Qur'an bil-Qur'an, Qom: Muhammad Al-Sādeghī Al-Tahrani’s School, first edition.
Sāhib bin ‘Abād, Ismail (1414 AH). Al-Muhīt fi al-Lugha, Beirut: ‘Ālam al-Kitāb, first edition.
Samīn, Ahmed bin Youssef (1414 AH). Al-Durr Al-Masoon fī ‘Ulūm al-Kitāb al-Maknoon, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmīya, Muhammad Ali Bayzoon's Publications, first edition.
Sāwī, Ahmad bin Muhammad (1427 AH). Hāshīyat al-Sāwī ‘Alā Tafsīr al-Jalālain, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmīya, Muhammad Ali Bayzoon's Publications, fourth edition.
Shanqītī, Mohammad Amin (1427 AH). Adwā’ al-Bayān fī īdāh al-Qur’an bil-Qur’an, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmīya, Muhammad Ali Bayzoon's Publications, first edition.
Sharaf al-Din, Ja'far (1420 AH). Al-Mawsū'at al-Qur'ānīya, Khasā’is al-Suwar, Beirut: Dar al-Taqrīb bain al-Madhāhib al-Islamiya, first edition.
Sharif al-Razi, Muhammad bin Hossein (nd). Talkhīs al-Bayān fī Majāzāt al-Qur’an, Beirut: Dar al-Adwā’, 2nd edition.
Sharif, Adnan (2001). Min ‘Ilm al-Falak al-Qur'anī, Beirut: Dar Al-Malā’īn, 5th edition.
Siddīq Hassan Khan, Mohammad Siddīq (1420 AH). Fath al-Bayān fī al-Maqāsid Al-Qur'an, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub Al-‘Ilmīya, Muhammad Ali Baizoon's Publications, first edition.
Sultan Ali Shah, Sultan Muhammad bin Haidar (1993). Persian Text and Translation of Tafsīr Sharif Bayān al-Sa'āda fī Maqāmāt al-‘Ibāda, Tehran: Sirr al-Asrār, first edition.
Suyūtī, ‘Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Bakr (1421 AH). Al-'Itqān fī ‘Ulūm al-Qur’an, Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, 2nd edition.
Tabātabā’ī, Mohammad Hossein (1995). Translation of Tafsīr al-Mīzān, Qom Seminary Community of Teachers: Islamic Publications Office, fifth edition.
Tabrisī, Fazl bin Hassan (1996). Translation of Tafsīr Jawāmi' al-Jāmi', Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi, Islamic Research Foundation, first edition.
Tabrisī, Fazl bin Hassan (nd). Translation of Tafsīr Majma' Al-Bayān, Tehran: Farāhānī, first edition.
Taleqani, Mahmoud (1983). Lights of the Qur'an, Tehran: Publishing Company, 4th edition.
Tayyib Hosseini, Seyed Mahmoud (2012). Encyclopedia of the Holy Qur’an, Qom: Boostan-e Kitab-e Qom, second edition.
Tha’ālabī, Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad (1418 AH). Tafsīr al-Tha'ālabī al-Musamā al-Jawāhir al-Hisān fī Tafsīr al-Qur'an, Beirut: Dar 'Ihyā’ al-Turāth al-Arabi, first edition.
Turayhī, Fakhreddin (1416 AH). Majma' Al-Bahrain, Tehran: Mortazawi Bookstore.
Wāsitī, Zubaydī, Mohebuddin (1414 AH). Tāj al-‘Arūs Min Jawāhir al-Qāmoos, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
Zain al-Din Razī, Muhammad bin Abi Bakr (2001). Qur’anic Questions and Answers: Translation of al-Rāzī's Issues, Qom: Noor Gostar, first edition.
Zarakashī, Muhammad bin Bahadur (1410 AH). Al-Burhan fī Ulūm al-Qur'an, Beirut: Dar al-Ma'rafa, first edition.
Zuhailī, Wahaba (1411 AH). Al-Tafsīr al-Munīr fī al-Aqeedah wa al-Sharī'a wa al-Manhaj, Damascus: Dar al-Fikr, second edition.
Quran and Religious Enlightenment
Volume 4, Issue 1 - Serial Number 7
August 2023
Pages 181-196

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 05 April 2023
  • Revise Date: 06 May 2023
  • Accept Date: 14 May 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics