A Comparative Study of the Lexical Foundations of Ṭabrisī’s Majma' al-Bayān and Zamakhsharī’s Kashshāf

Document Type : The scientific research paper

Authors

1 PhD in Quranic and Hadith Sciences, Payame Noor University, Central Tehran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Education, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

3 Master of Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Islamic Law, Shiraz Branch, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

The Holy Qur'an as the main religious source in various obligatory and divine sciences, such as; Jurisprudence, theology, ethics, hadith, etc. have been considered and the basic principles have been deduced from it. Knowing the contents of the Holy Quran is important in understanding the verses. Therefore, understanding the verses depends on a careful study of the words of the Qur'an lexically and syntactically. The main question of the research, which has been done by a descriptive-analytical method, is the commonalities and differences in the semantics of the contents of the Holy Quran from the perspective of Zamakhshari in Kashaf and Tabarsi in Majma 'al-Bayyan. One of the findings of the research is that the semantic commonalities of the contents in Kashaf and Majma 'al-Bayyan; Citing the Sunnah of the Messenger of God (PBUH), Arabic poetry, finding the meaning of the words of the Qur'an in the age of revelation and using the power of reason and contemplation and accepting incomplete synonyms, are the words of Ma'rab and involved and among the differences can be: 1- Jurisprudential tendencies (ruling on the slaughter of the People of the Book), 2- The difference between the theological point of view (verse of propaganda, the possibility of copying the Qur'an with a single news), 3- Lexical and literary issues (Hamzah position), 4- Examples of causes of revelation , Pointed out the example of Ahl al-Bayt (AS) and the role of praise.

Keywords


Article Title [Persian]

بررسی تطبیقی مبانی لغوی تفسیر مجمع‌البیان طبرسی و کشاف زمخشری

Authors [Persian]

  • محمد حسن صالحی هفشجانی 1
  • سید مجتبی جلالی 2
  • علی طاهری دهنوی 3
1 دکترای علوم قرآن و حدیث دانشگاه پیام نور مرکز تهران جنوب
2 استادیار گروه معارف اسلامی،دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی،واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه شهرکرد،شهرکرد ،ایران
3 کارشناس ارشد فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی،واحد شیراز، دانشگاه شیراز،شیراز،ایران؛
Abstract [Persian]

قرآن‌کریم به عنوان اصلی‌ترین منبع دینی در علوم مختلف تکلیف‌ساز و الهی، همچون؛ فقه، کلام، اخلاق، حدیث و... مورد توجه بوده و مبانی اساسی از آن استنباط شده است. شناخت مفردات قرآن‌کریم امری مهم در تفهیم آیات است. از این رو فهم آیات منوط به بررسی دقیق واژه‌های قرآن از نظر لغوی و نحوی است. سؤال اصلی پژوهش که با روشی توصیفی-تحلیلی انجام پذیرفته است، وجوه اشتراک و افتراق معناشناسی مفردات قرآن‌کریم از دیدگاه زمخشری در کشاف و طبرسی در مجمع‌البیان است. از یافته‌های پژوهش آنکه از وجوه اشتراک معناشناسی مفردات در کشاف و مجمع‌البیان؛ استناد به سنت رسول خدا(ص)، اشعار عرب، یافتن معنای الفاظ قرآن در عصر نزول و بهره‌گیری از قوه عقل و تدبر و پذیرش ترادف ناقص، واژه‌های معرب و دخیل است و از جمله وجوه افتراق می‌توان به: 1-گرایش‌های فقهی(حکم ذبیحه اهل کتاب)، 2- تفاوت دیدگاه‌ کلامی(آیه تبلیغ، امکان نسخ قرآن با خبر واحد)، 3- مباحث لغوی و ادبی(جایگاه همزه)، 4- مصداق اسباب نزول(ایمان ابوطالب، مصداق اهل بیت(ع) و نقش استحسان‌، اشاره کرد.

Keywords [Persian]

  • کشاف زمخشری
  • مجمع البیان طبرسی
  • اشتراک مبانی
  • افتراق مبانی
The Holy Qur’an.
Ibn Manzūr, Muhammad Ibn Mukrim (1414
AH). Lisān al-Arab, First, Beirut: Dar Sadir.
Abolfutouh Rāzī, Hossein (1408 AH). Rawd alJinān wa Rūh al-Jinān, first, Mashhad:
Astan Quds Razavi Islamic Research
Foundation.
Abu Musā, Muhammad (1408 AH). AlBalāgha al-Qur'an fī Tafsīr al-ZamMakhsharī wa Atharuhā fi al-Dirāsāt alBilāghīya, Cairo: Library of Wahaba.
Ismail Sini, Mahmoud (1414 AH). Al-Mukanaz
Al-Arabi al-Mu'āsir, Beirut: Lebanon
Publishing House.
Anbārī, Muhammad Bin Qāsim (1960). Kitāb
al-Azdād, with the efforts of Muhammad
Abolfazl Ibrahim, first, Kuwait: Al-Turāth
al-Arabi.
Anīs, Ibrahim (2003). Fi al-Lahajāt al-Arabīya,
First, Cairo: Al-Angelo Library.
Ayatollah Zadeh Shirazi, Morteza (1980). AlZamakhsharī Lughawīyan wa Mufassiran,
Cairo: Dar al-Thaqāfa.
Iravani, Morteza (2002). "The literaryexplanatory approach of Majma' Al-Bayan,”
Qur'anic Researches, No. 29 and 30, special
issue of Allameh Tabrisi (RA).
Babaei, Ali Akbar; Gholam Ali Azizi Kia;
Mojtaba Rouhani Rad (2000). Methodology
of Qur'an Interpretation; under the
supervision of Mahmoud Rajabi; First,
Tehran: Samt.
Bustānī, Fu'ād Afrām (1996). Abjadī
Dictionary, Tehran: Islami Publications.
Baghawī Halabī, Abdul Wahid bin Ali (1996),
Al-Addād fī Kalām al-Arab, by the efforts of
Gharra Hassan, 2nd edition, Damascus: Dar
Talās.
Bint al-Shātī, Ayesha 'Abd al-Rahman (1376
AH). The miracle of the Qur'an [Translated
by Hossein Saberi], First, Tehran: Scientific
and Cultural Publishing Company.
Jeffrey, Arthur (2007). Foreign Vocabulary of
The Qur'an [Translated by Fereydoun
Badrei], Second, Tehran: Tus.
Javāliqī, Mawhib bin Ahmad (1350 AH). Sharh
Al-Adab al-Kātib, First, Cairo: Al-Qudsi
School and Dar al-Kutub al-Arabi.
Jawāhirī, Sayed Mohammad Hassan (2009).
Textbook of translation: principles,
foundations and process of translation of the
Holy Qur’an, first, Qom: Research Institute
of Seminary and University.
Hā'rī Esfahani, Mohammad Hossein (1404
AH). Al-Fusūl al-Gharawīyyah fī Usul alFiqhīya, Qom: Dar ‘Ihyā ‘Ulūm alIslāmīyah.
Dhahabī, Mohammad Hossein (nd). Al-Tafsīr
wal-Mufassirūn, Beirut: Dar 'Ihyā' al-Turāth
al-Arabi.
Rāzī, Ahmad bin Fāris bin Zakaria (nd).
Mu'jam Maqāyīs al-Lughah, Arabic
language Software, Qom: Matna.
Rāzī, Ahmad bin Fāris bin Zakaria (1993). AlSāhibī Fi Fiqh al-Arabīya, First, Beirut:
Maktaba al-Maārif.
Rāghib Esfahānī, Hossein Bin Mohammad
(1412 AH). Al-Mufradāt, First, Damascus:
Dar al- ‘Ilm.
Rajabi, Mahmoud (2006). The Method of
Interpretation of the Qur'an, Second, Qom:
Research Center of Seminary and
University.
Ramadan, Abd al-Tawab (1988). Discussions
in Arabic Jurisprudence and Linguistics
[Translated by Hamidreza Sheikhi,] first,
Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi.
Zarkashī, Badruddin (1428 AH). Al-Burhān fī
'Ulūm al-Qur'an, Research: Mustafa Abdul
Qadir Atta, First, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-
‘Ilmīya.
Zarkalī, Khair al-Din (2005). Al-A'lām, First,
Beirut: Dar al-'Ilm lil-Malāyīn.
Zamakhsharī, Mahmoud bin Omar (1407 AH).
Al-Kashāf, first, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub alArabi.
Sajestānī, Sahl bin Muhammad Abu Hatem
(1994). Al-Addād, First, NP: Library of AlThiqāfat al-Dīnīya.
Serājī, Nasser Kazem (1420 AH). Al-Tabrisī
wa Manhajuhū fi al-Tafsīr al-Lughawī,
First, Beirut: Dar al-Mortadā.
Sibiwayh, Amr bin Othman (2009). Al-Kitāb,
First, Beirut: Al-A'lamī Institute for Press.
Sibiwayh, Amr bin Othman, Al-Kitāb, Beirut:
Ālam al-Kitāb.
Suyūtī, Jalaluddin Abd al-Rahman bin Abi
Bakr (2005). Al-Mizhar fī Ulūm al-Lugha wa
Anwā’uhā, Research: Mohammad Abdur
Rahim, first, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
Suyūtī, Jalaluddin Abd al-Rahman bin Abi
Bakr (1408 AH). Mu'tarak al-Aqrān fī 'I'jāz
al-Qur’an, First, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-
‘Ilmīya.
Shāyi', Muhammad (1414 AH). Al-Furūq alLughawīyah, first, Riyadh: Al-Abīkān
Library.
Sāwī Joveinī, Mustafa (nd). Manhaj AlZamakhshrī fi Al-Tafsir al-Qur'an wa Bayān
I'jāzih, Cairo: Dar al-Ma'ārif.
Safavi, Kourosh (2000). An Introduction to
Semantics, First, Tehran: Islamic
Propagation Organization.
Safavi, Kourosh (2010). Discourses in
Linguistics; first, Tehran: Hermes.
Tabātabā'ī, Mohammad Hossein (1995).
Translation of Tafsir al-Mizan, Qom: Qom
Seminary Association, Islamic publishing
office.
Tabrisī, Fadl bin Hassan (1998). Tafsir of
Jawāmi' al-Jāmi', First, Tehran: Tehran
University Press.
Tabrisī, Fadl bin Hassan (1993). Majma' AlBayan fī Tafsir al-Qur'an, First, Tehran:
Nasser Khosrow Publishing House.
Turayhī, Fakhreddin (1996). Majma' alBahrayn, Tehran, Mortazavi Bookstore.
Alavi-Mehr, Hossein (1429 AH). Getting to
Know the History of Interpretation and
Commentators, second, Qom: Al-Mustafa
Al-Ālamīya Publications.
Ghazālī, Muhammad bin Muhammad (1324
AH). Al-Mustafā Min 'Ilm al-Usūl, first,
Beirut: Dar Sadr.
Fakhr Rāzī, Muhammad bin Omar (1420 AH).
Al-Mahsūl fī 'Ilm 'Usūl al-Fiqh, First, Beirut:
Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah.
Farāhīdī, Khalil bin Ahmad (1414 AH). Tartīb
Kitāb al-'Ayn, by the efforts of Mohammad
Hassan Bukā’ī; First, Qom: Al-Nashr alIslami Institute.
Qadour, Ahmed Mohammad (1999).
Introduction to Fiqh al-Lagheh alArabiyyah, first, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr alMu'āsir.
Qarzāwī, Youssef (2012). The Qur'an: The
Charter of Life, Tehran: Ehsan.
Mukhtar Omar, Ahmed (2001). Lexical Studies
in the Holy Qur'an and Its Readings, Cairo,
Ālam al-Kitāb.
Mukhtar Omar, Ahmed (nd). Ilm al-Dilāla,
Cairo: Ālam al-Kitab.
Morteza-Zubaidī, Muhammad bin Muhammad
(1414 AH). Tāj al-'Arūs, Beirut, Dar al-Fikr.
The Center for the Culture and Education of the
Qur’an (2003). The Encyclopaedia of the
Holy Qur’an, Qom: Boostan-e
Kitab(Islamic Propagation Office).
Mostafavi, Hassan (1996). Al-Tahqīq fī Kalimāt
al-Qur'an al-Karīm, First, Tehran: Book
Translation and Publishing Company.
Mustafa, Ibrahim; Abdul Qadir, Hamed; Ziyat,
Ahmad Hassan; Najjar Mohammad Ali
(1426 AH). Al-Mu’jam al-Wasīt, 5th ed.,
Tehran: Al-Sadegh Institute.
Muzaffar, Mohammad Reza (nd). Principles of
Fiqh, Np.
Ma'rifat, Mohammad Hadi (1410 AH). AlTamhīd fī Ulūm al-Qur'an, Qom: Qom
Seminary, Managing Center.
Monajad, Nouruddin Mohammad (1417 AH).
Al-Tarāduf fi Al-Qur'an al-Karim bayn alNazarīya wal-Tatbīq, First, Damascus: Dar
al-Fikr.
Mehna, Abdullah Ali (1413 AH). Lisān alLisān: Tahdhīb Lisān al-Arab, Beirut, Dar
al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah.
Musa, Hossein Youssef (1410 AH). Al-Ifsah fi
Fiqh al-Lugha, Qom: Library of Islamic
Studies.
Natel Khanlari, Parviz (1968). linguistics and
Persian language, First, Tehran: Farhang
Iran Foundation Publications.
Ibn Hisham, Abdullah bin Yusuf (2017).
Mughni al-Labib 'an Kutub al-A’ārīb
[Translated by Mohammad bin Arafa alDasuqi], first, Beirut: Zain al-Abidin
Publishing House.
Gazar, Mohammad Hasan (2011). "Jawām' AlJame' and Kashāf in a comparative view,"
Qur'anic Researches, No. 29 and 30, special
issue of Allameh Tabrisī (RA).