The Dimension of Situation and its Role in the Semantics of Surah Tawbah based on Jacques Augustine Berque's Theory of Order

Document Type : The scientific research paper

Author

Lecturer of Islamic Studies in The University of Khatam al-Anbīya’, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Surah At-Tawbah has a variety of subjects and apparently is fragmentary and irregular; but based on the dimension of the situation, which is the same sociological issues and culture of the era of the revelation of the surah; it is understandable and has a coherent meaning with a clear language. Based on the dimension of the situation, it is possible to understand the ignorant styles such as arrogance, breaking the covenant and shifting the forbidden months by the polytheists that result in the revelation of the first part of verses 1 to 38 of this surah, which introduce this culture and its ugliness. For this reason, God and the Prophet (PBUH) acquit this culture. Consequently, it is the duty of Muslims and the Islamic community to seek the acquittal of the polytheists by following the duality (Tawḥīd, Nubuwwah) and not to approach the polytheists under the pretext of kinship. The second part of Surah (120-139) refers to the constant covenant-breaking of the hypocrites and the problems they caused to the Prophet (PBUH) and the Islamic community. Then, in contrast to the ignorant style, by introducing the religious style and its values, God asks the hypocrites and those who have sick hearts to adhere to the style brought by the monotheistic system by the Prophet in order to prepare their guiding grounds for reaching the Hereafter system. Based on the above explanations, the author has studied the role of situation in eliminating the dispersion and semantics of the surah and its relationship with the trinity (Tawḥīd, Nubuwwah and Ma’ād) with a descriptive-analytical method. Among the most important results that this research has achieved is that: The situation in Jacques Berque's order causes the audience to frame the various topics of the verses of the surah and finally to have a coherent mentality towards them and to achieve a deeper understanding.

Keywords


Article Title [Persian]

بعد موقعیت و نقش آن در مفهوم شناسی سوره توبه با تکیه بر نظریه نظم ژاک آگوستین برک

Author [Persian]

  • علی سعیدی
مدرس گروه معارف اسلامی دانشگاه خاتم الانبیاء( ص). تهران، ایران.
Abstract [Persian]

سوره توبه از تنوع موضوعی و به ظاهر از گسستگی و بی نظمی برخوردار است؛ اما بر اساس بُعد موقعیت که همان مسائل جامعه شناختی و فرهنگ عصر نزول سوره است، فهم پذیر و دارای مفهومی منسجم با زبانی واضح است. بر اساس بُعد موقعیت می توان به سبک های جاهلی از قبیل تکبر، عهدشکنی و جابجایی ماه های حرام توسط مشرکان پی برد که پیامد سبک های مزبور، نزول بخش اول سوره؛ از آیات 1 تا 38 می باشد که به معرفی این فرهنگ و زشتی های آن می پردازد. به همین دلیل خداوند و پیامبر (ص) از این فرهنگ اعلام برائت می جویند؛ متعاقبا بر مسلمانان و جامعه ی اسلامی نیز وظیفه است که به تبعیت از دوگانه (توحید، نبوت) از مشرکان برائت بجویند و به بهانه ی خویشاوندی، به مشرکان نزدیک نشوند. در اثنای نزول بخش دوم سوره ( 39-120)، به عهدشکنی های مداوم منافقان و مشکلاتی که برای پیامبر (ص) و جامعه ی اسلامی در پی داشته اند، اشارت رفت. سپس در تقابل با سبک جاهلی، با معرفی سبک دینی و ارزش های آن، از منافقان و مریض القلب ها می خواهد که به این سبک که آورده ی نظام توحیدی توسط نبی است پایبند باشند تا زمینه های هدایتی خود را برای رسیدن به نظام اخروی آماده سازند.

Keywords [Persian]

  • «مفهوم شناسی»
  • «توبه»
  • «ژاک برک»
  • «نظم»
  • «موقعیت»
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