اعتبارسنجی روایات دال بر برائت از خلفا در منابع روایی شیعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار علوم قرآن و حدیث، مرکز آموزش عالی اقلید، فارس، ایران.

چکیده

برائت، از جمله موضوعات مهم در متون روایی بویژه روایات شیعه است. در میان روایات شیعه، مواردی هم در برائت تصریحی از خلفا بویژه شیخین آمده است. با توجه به حساسیت این مسأله در روابط فریقین، این مقاله با به­ کارگیری روش کتابخانه­ ای، تجزیه و تحلیل داده ­ها در صدد ارزیابی این­گونه روایات در منابع شیعه بوده و به این نتیجه دست یافته است که برمبنای تحلیل متن چنین روایاتی با آیات دعوت­ کننده به وحدت، روایات مخصص برائت، سیرة اهل بیت(ع)، اصل تقیه و رازداری و... منافات دارد. همچنین ارسال و تعلیق، عدم وثاقت برخی روایان و... از دلایل ضعف سندی چنین روایاتی است که از تحلیل سند منتج می ­شود. عدم اعتبار برخی از مصادر اولیه، نیز از دست­اوردهای تحلیل خاستگاه این­گونه روایات است. در عین حال اثبات این مطلب به معنای انکار تبرّی نبوده، بلکه ضرورت دارد ضمن پرهیز از برائت تصریحی، دشنام و افتراء، به این اصل مهم نیز پایبند بود.
 

تازه های تحقیق

Conclusion

1-     Examining the narrations of absolving in Shiite texts, showed that these narrations are of four categories: absolving the enemies of Islam, absolving the people of doubt and heresy, absolving the opponents of the Imams (AS), and innocence from the sheikhs. The latter case, due to the connection with the issue of Imamat and succession of the prophet, can cause differences between Shiites and Sunnis.

2-      Regarding the fourth category of narrations of absolving, we have at least 14 narrations. 9 of which deal with absolving metaphorically or conscientiously and have no explanation. Therefore, it cannot be said with certainty that they necessarily mean the caliphs. But concerning the remaining 5 narrations, since the names of the caliphs are explicitly stated, a closer look is needed.

3-     Analysis of the text of explicit narrations on the absolving the caliphs showed that such narrations cannot be cited due to their contradiction with the verses of the Qur'an, narrations inviting “Taqiya”, narrations denying innocence, as well as the manner of the Imams (as) in dealing with the caliphs. The results of the analysis of the document of such narrations also confirmed this statement. The most important of which is the weakness of the document for reasons such as the unreliability of the narrators. Moreover, the analysis of the original origin showed that the sources of many of these narrations are questionable in terms of authenticity and attribution to its author. Therefore, the definite issuance of such narrations by the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) cannot be true.

4-     The invalidity of explicit narrations in absolving, does not mean denying hatred of enemies and opponents. Because hating them is one of the Shiite pillars. But this never means making it public, citing Sunni examples and sanctities. Rather, it is necessary to observe the limits, that is, to avoid explicit insults and absolving, and in the form of heart and inner hatred and disgust.

 

کلیدواژه‌ها

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 19 فروردین 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 25 تیر 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 07 خرداد 1399

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