Conceptual Appropriateness of the Surahs al-Furqān and Fāṭir Based on the Order of Revelation

Document Type : The scientific research paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. in Quran and Hadith, Lecturer in the Department of Islamic Studies, Khatam Al-Anbia University (pbuh), Tehran, Iran.

2 Ph.D. in Jurisprudence and Law, Lecturer in the Department of Islamic Studies, Khatam al-Anbia University (pbuh), Tehran, Iran

10.30473/quran.2023.68891.1229

Abstract

The present study aims to examine and analyze the Surahs al-Furqān and Fāṭir according to their order of revelation to determine how the order of revelation and the historical context affect the conceptual appropriateness of the Surahs. To this aim, a discourse analysis method with a descriptive-analytical approach was employed. After gathering information about Surahs al-Furqān and Fāṭir and understanding their historical contexts, we explored their conceptual units under the themes of: The Quran, Jihad, polytheists, disbelievers, and how these themes manifested during that time period. The results indicated that the order of revelation plays a significant role in uncovering the themes and content of Surahs al-Furqān and Fāṭir. It was discovered that, according to the order of revelation, the Quran's stance toward the polytheists of Quraysh and the Jews of Mecca in both Surahs, during the years 6 and 7 of the prophethood, was wise and pedagogical. However, in line with the social conditions of the polytheists and disbelievers in Mecca, there was an effort during a certain period, through the verses of Surah al-Furqān, to convey the guiding themes of the Quran with persuasive actions and soft language. The intensification of mockery from these groups in the subsequent revelation of Surah Fāṭir transformed the discourse of the Quran into declarative and harsh actions.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

Conceptual Appropriateness of the Surahs al-Furqān and Fāṭir Based on the Order of Revelation

Authors [Persian]

  • علی سعیدی 1
  • آیت اله اسماعیلی 2
1 دکتری قرآن و حدیث،مدرس گروه معارف اسلامی دانشگاه خاتم الانبیاء تهران،ایران
2 دکتری فقه و حقوق، مدرس گروه معارف اسلامی دانشگاه خاتم الانبیاء تهران، ایران
Abstract [Persian]

در این پژوهش سوره‌های فرقان و فاطر بر‌اساس ترتیب نزول، مورد بررسی و تحلیل قرار گرفته‌اند. هدف پژوهش این بود که مشخص شود ترتیب نزول و بافت تاریخی چه تأثیری بر تناسب مفهومی سوره‌ها دارد. در این نوشتار از روش تحلیل گفتمان با رویکرد توصیفی- تحلیلی استفاده شده است تا پس از گردآوری اطلاعات حول سوره‌های فرقان و فاطر و شناخت بافت تاریخی آنها، به واحدهای مفهومی آنها ذیل محورهای: قرآن، جهاد، مشرکان، کفار و چگونگی آن در آن بازه زمانی دست یازید. طبق یافته‌های تحقیق، ترتیب نزول نقش مهمی در کشف مضمون و محتوای سوره‌های فرقان و فاطر داشته است. که این نتیجه به‌ دست آمد که مطابق ترتیب نزول، موضع قرآن در مقابل مشرکان قریش و یهودِ مکه در دو سوره فرقان و فاطر، در فاصلة بین سال‌های 6 و 7 بعثت، موضعی خردمندانه و تربیتی بوده است. با این تفاوت که متناسب با شرایط اجتماعی مشرکان و کافران مکه، در برهه‌ای از زمان تلاش شد ذیل آیات سوره فرقان، محورهای هدایتی قرآن با کنش اقناعی و زبان نرم بیان شود. که تشدید استهزاء گروه‌های مزبور در ادامه روند نزول سوره فاطر، گفتمان قرآن را به کنش اظهاری و سخت تبدیل نمود.

Keywords [Persian]

  • تناسب
  • سوره فرقان و فاطر
  • ترتیب نزول
  • بافت
  • عصر مکی

References

Holy Quran
Ahmadinejad, A; Kalbasi Ashtari, Z. (2013 AD/1393 SH). "Critique of Contemporary Interpreters' Views on the Prophet’s (PBUH) Interaction with the People of the Book in Mecca." Qur'an and Hadith Researches. No. 2, pp. 175-201.
Akhawiyann, M. A; Zareh, R. (2019 AD/1399 SH). "Examining the Perspectives of Interpretations of Both Sects Regarding the Prescriptive or Ijtihadi Nature of the Arrangement of Surahs." Comparative Interpretation Studies. No. 11, pp. 43-66.
Akrami, A. (2018 AD/1398 SH). "Validation of the Reasons and Criteria for Determining the Order of Revelation of the Qur'an." Qur'anic Researches. No.1, pp. 105-132.
Al-ʻArūsī al-Ḥuwayzī, A. (1994 AD/1415 AH). Tafsir Nūr al-Thaqalayn. Qom: Ismailiyans.
Al-Thaqafī, A. (2007 AD/1428 AH). al-Burhān fī Tanāsub al-Suwar al-Qur'an. Saudi Arabia: Dar Ibn al-Jawzi for Publication and Distribution.
Al-Zarkashī, M. (1957). al-Burhān fī ʻUlūm al-Qur'an. Cairo: Printed by Muhammad Abul Fadl Ibrahim.
Bahjatpour, A. (2008 AD/1387 SH). Along with Revelation. Qom: Bast al-Nabi.
Bahjatpour, A. (2013 AD/1392 SH). Identification of the Revelation Process of the Surahs of the Holy Qur'an. Qom: Institute of Tamhid.
Bahjatpour, A. (2019 AD/1399 SH). "The Method of Creating Cultural-Social Transformation Inspired by the Objectives of the Qur'an During its Revelation." Philosophy of Religion. No. 3, pp. 361-392.
Bayḍāwī, A. (1997 AD/1418 AH). Anwār al-Tanzīl wa Asrār al-Taʼwīl. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi.
Bazargan, M. (1995 AD/1374 SH). Alongside Revelation. Tehran: Islamic Propagation Office.
Biqāʻī, I. (1994 AD/1415 AH). Naẓm al-Durar fī Tanāsub al-Ᾱyāt wa al-Suwar. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Darwaza, M. I. (2000 AD/1421 AH). al-Tafsir al-Ḥadīth. Beirut: Dar al-Gharb al-Islami.
Darwaza, M. I. (n.d.). The Biography of the Messenger: Images Taken from the Holy Qur'an. Beirut: Al-Maktabah al-Asriyyah.
Diyari Bidgoli, M. (2004 AD/1383 SH). Research on Isra’iliyyat Narrations in Interpretations. Tehran: Sohrevardi.
Farsi, J. (1983 AD/1362 SH). Prophethood and Revolution. Tehran: Anjam Book Institute.
Fayḍ Kāshānī, M. (1994 AD/1415 AH). Tafsir al-Ṣāfī. Tehran: Maktabah al-Sadr.
Ḥabankah al-Maydānī, A. (2000). Maʻārij al-Tafakkur wa Daqāʼiq al-Tadabbur. Damascus: Dar al-Qalam.
Hāshimī Khuʼī, M. H. (1979 AD/1400 AH). Minhāj al-Barāʻah ī Sharḥ Nahj al-Balāghah. (Hassanzadeh Amoli, H; and Kamarei, M. B. Trans). Tehran: Islamic Library.
Ḥijāzī, M. (1982). al-Tafsir al-Wāḍiḥ. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.
Hosseini Hamadani, M. (1983 AD/1404 AH). Brilliant Lights. Tehran: Lotfi.
Ibn ʻAṭīyyah, A. (2001 AD/1422 AH). al-Muḥrar al-Wajīz fī Tafsīr al-Kitāb al-ʻAzīz. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Ibn Kathīr, I. (1998 AD/1419 AH). Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Aẓīm. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Ibn Shahr Ᾱshūb, R. (1949 AD/1369 AH). Mutashābih al-Qur'an wa Mukhtalifah Bayan al-Mushkilāt min al-Ᾱyāt al-Mutashābihah. Qom: Dar al-Baid for Publication.
Jābirī, M. (2008). Fahm al-Qur'an al-Karīm, al-Tafsīr al-Wāḍiḥ Ḥasab Tartīb al-Nuzūl. Beirut: Arabic Unified Studies.
Khamehgar, M. (2007 AD/1386 SH). The Geometric Structure of the Surahs of the Qur'an. Tehran: Islamic Propagation Organization.
Khāzin, A. (1994 AD/1415 AH). Tafsir al-Khāzin, al-Musammā Lubāb al-Taʼwīl fī al-Taʼwīl. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Khuʼī, S. A. (1987 AD/1408 AH). al-Bayān fī Tafsir al-Qur'an. Beirut: Dar al-Zahra.
Majlisī, M. (1982 AD/1403 AH). Biḥār al-Anwār. Beirut: Dar Iḥyā al-Turath al-Arabi.
Makarem Shirazi, N. (1992 AD/1371 SH). Tafsir Nemuneh. Tehran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyyah.
Maʻrifat, M. (1992 AD/1371 SH). al-Tamhīd. (Vakili, A. Trans). Tehran: Islamic Propagation Organization Publishing Center.
Nekunam, J. (2001 AD/1380 SH). An Introduction to the Chronology of the Qur'an. Qom: Hasti Nama.
Nekunam, J. (2002 AD/1382 SH). "Historical Interpretation of Surah al-ʻAlaq." Articles and Reviews. No. 74, pp. 63-81.
Nekunam, J. (2009 AD/1388 SH). "Historical Interpretation of the Qur'an." Religious Research. No. 19, pp. 80-108.
Qummī Mashhadī, M. (1989 AD/1368 SH). Tafsir Kanz al-Daqāʼiq wa Baḥr al-Gharāʼib. Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance.
Qummī, A. (2004 AD/1383 SH). Tafsir al-Qummī. Qom: Dar al-Kitab.
Raʼfat Saʻīd, M. (2002). The History of the Qur'an. Beirut: Dar al-Wafa.
Richardson, J. E. (2007). Analyzing Newspapers: An Approach to Critical Discourse Analysis. New York: Palgrave Publishing.
Sahraei Ardekani, K; Zareh Zardini, A. (2020 AD/1400 SH). "A Model in the Transformation of Knowledge: A Case Study on the Relationship Between Surah al-Fatḥ and Surah Muhammad." Qur'anic Research. No. 34, pp. 111-138.
Shahristānī, M. (1997 AD/1376 SH). Mafātīḥ al-Asrār wa Maṣābiḥ al-Abrār. Tehran: Revival of Written Heritage Publishing Office.
Suyūṭī, J. (1943 AD/1363 AH). al-Itqān fī ʻUlūm al-Qur'an. (Haeri Qazwini, M. Trans). Tehran: Amir Kabir Publications.
Suyūṭī, J. (1985 AD/1406 AH). Tanaāsuq al-Durar fī Tanāsub al-Suwar. (Ahmad Ata, A. Ed). Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.
Ṭabāṭabāʼī, M. (1385 SH). The Qur'an in Islam. Qom: Islamic Publications Office of the Society of Teachers.
Ṭabāṭabāʼī, M. (1969 AD/1390 AH). al-Miīzān. Beirut: Al-‘Alamiyyah Institute for Publications.
Ṭabrisī, F. (1993 AD/1372 SH). Majmaʻ al-Bayān fī Tafsir al-Qur'an. Tehran: Nasir Khosrow.
Ṭayyib, A. (1990 AD/1369 SH). Aṭayb al-Bayān fī Tafsir al-Qur'an. Tehran: Islam.
Zamakhsharī, M. (1986 AD/1407 AH). al-Kashshāf ʻan Ḥaqāʼiq al-Ghawāmiḍ al-Tanzīl. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.
Zuḥaylī, W. (1997 AD/1418 AH). al-Tafsir al-Munīr fī al-ʻAqīdah wa al-Sharīʻah wa al-Manhaj. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr al-Mu'asir.
Zurqānī, M. (n.d.). Manāhil al-ʻIrfān fī ʻUlūm al-Qur'an. Beirut: Dar Iḥyā al-Turath al-Arabi.
Ᾱl Ghāzī, A. (1962 AD/1382 AH). Bayn al-Maʻānī ʻalā Ḥasab Tartīb al-Nuzūl. Damascus: Matba'at al-Taraqqi.
Quran and Religious Enlightenment
Volume 6, Issue 1 - Serial Number 11
September 2025
Pages 17-30

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 18 August 2023
  • Revise Date: 05 September 2023
  • Accept Date: 26 September 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics