دولت دینی و مشارکت سیاسی؛ رهیافتی قرآنی به نظریه مشارکت سیاسی حداکثری مشروط(وا-کارگزارانه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده

Member of the academic staff of the political science department of the university and research institute

چکیده

پرسش اصلی مقاله أن است که در تفکر‌قرآنی چه رهیافتی از مشارکت سیاسی، رهیافت موجود یا مطلوب است. فرضیه پژوهش، با بهره‌گیری از الگوی جین‌همپتن در نظریه‌های دولت به‌عنوان چارچوب‌نظری بر آن است که در دولت‌دینی، مشارکت‌سیاسی و رقابت درون رژیم‌سیاسی نه علیه یا صرفا برای آن است و در میان رهیافت‌های واگذارانه و کارگزارانه؛ رهیافت مطلوب قرآن به رهیافتی که می توان «حداکثری‌مشروط» یا وا-کارگزارانه نامید نزدیک‌تر است که در حدوث و بقای دولت‌دینی شرطیت دارد. مشارکتی که به‌صورت جزءالعله دارای اصالت است اما مشروط و مقید به برخی شروط و شرایط پیشینی است. رهیافت پژوهش در دو دسته آیات شورا و بیعت به‌طور صریح با برخی دیدگاه‌های دیگر تفسیری دارای تفاوت‌هایی است و در مرحله انتخاب رهبر با وجود پذیرش نص و نصب الهی اما برای مشارکت‌سیاسی مردم موضوعیت نیز قائل است. در پژوهش علاوه بر آیات شورا و بیعت آیات دیگری مانند آیات وفای به عقد، امر به معروف و نهی از منکر، خطابات عمومی قرآن، خلافت و امانت و... مورد نسبت سنجی با مشارکت سیاسی و-اکارگزارانه قرار گرفته اند. بر این اساس حجیت عقد سیاسی میان حاکم و مردم، الزام نهاد شورا در عرصه عمومی، مشارکت‌سیاسی فعال به‌مثابه امر به معروف و نهی از منکر و دخالت در تعیین سرنوشت، حق انتخاب‌گری و گزینش عمومی مردم، خلافت نوعیه مشککه از خداوند در راستای حق مشارکت، و نیز حق وانهادن حکومت به شایستگان به‌مثابه امانت؛ از یافته‌های پژوهش به‌مثابه اجزا و ارکان رهیافت مشارکت‌سیاسی «حداکثری‌مشروط» (و-اکارگزارانه) است..

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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