Religious State and Political Participation; a Qur'anic Approach to the Theory of Conditional Maximal Political Participation (Delegative-Agential)

Document Type : The scientific research paper

Author

عضو هیئت علمی گروه علوم سیاسی پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه

Abstract

The main question of the article is what approach to political participation is the existing or desired approach in Qur'anic thought. The research hypothesis, using the Jane Hampton model in theories of the state as a theoretical framework, is that in religious state, political participation and competition within the political regime are not against or solely for it, and among the delegative and agential approaches; the desired approach of the Qur’an is closer to what can be called "conditional maximum" or de-agential approach, which is conditional in the emergence and survival of religious state; a participation that is original as a causal element but is conditional and bound to some prior conditions and circumstances. The research approach in the two categories of verses of Shūrā and Bayʿah clearly has some differences with some other interpretative perspectives, and in the stage of choosing a leader, despite accepting the divine text and appointment, it also considers the political participation of the people to be relevant. In the research, in addition to the verses of Shūrā  and Bayʿah, other verses such as the verses of keeping the contract, enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong, public speeches of the Qur’an, caliphate and trust, etc. have been compared with political and agency participation. Accordingly, the validity of the political contract between the ruler and the people, the requirement of the Shūrā  institution in the public arena, active political participation as enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong and interfering in determining destiny, the right to choose and general selection of the people, the caliphate as a kind of doubt from God in line with the right to participate, and also the right to leave the government to the worthy as a trust are among the findings of the research as components and pillars of the "Conditional Maximum" (delegative- Agential) political participation approach.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Article Title [Persian]

دولت دینی و مشارکت سیاسی؛ رهیافتی قرآنی به نظریه مشارکت سیاسی حداکثری مشروط(وا-کارگزارانه)

Author [Persian]

  • علی آقاجانی
Member of the academic staff of the political science department of the university and research institute
Abstract [Persian]

پرسش اصلی مقاله أن است که در تفکر‌قرآنی چه رهیافتی از مشارکت سیاسی، رهیافت موجود یا مطلوب است. فرضیه پژوهش، با بهره‌گیری از الگوی جین‌همپتن در نظریه‌های دولت به‌عنوان چارچوب‌نظری بر آن است که در دولت‌دینی، مشارکت‌سیاسی و رقابت درون رژیم‌سیاسی نه علیه یا صرفا برای آن است و در میان رهیافت‌های واگذارانه و کارگزارانه؛ رهیافت مطلوب قرآن به رهیافتی که می توان «حداکثری‌مشروط» یا وا-کارگزارانه نامید نزدیک‌تر است که در حدوث و بقای دولت‌دینی شرطیت دارد. مشارکتی که به‌صورت جزءالعله دارای اصالت است اما مشروط و مقید به برخی شروط و شرایط پیشینی است. رهیافت پژوهش در دو دسته آیات شورا و بیعت به‌طور صریح با برخی دیدگاه‌های دیگر تفسیری دارای تفاوت‌هایی است و در مرحله انتخاب رهبر با وجود پذیرش نص و نصب الهی اما برای مشارکت‌سیاسی مردم موضوعیت نیز قائل است. در پژوهش علاوه بر آیات شورا و بیعت آیات دیگری مانند آیات وفای به عقد، امر به معروف و نهی از منکر، خطابات عمومی قرآن، خلافت و امانت و... مورد نسبت سنجی با مشارکت سیاسی و-اکارگزارانه قرار گرفته اند. بر این اساس حجیت عقد سیاسی میان حاکم و مردم، الزام نهاد شورا در عرصه عمومی، مشارکت‌سیاسی فعال به‌مثابه امر به معروف و نهی از منکر و دخالت در تعیین سرنوشت، حق انتخاب‌گری و گزینش عمومی مردم، خلافت نوعیه مشککه از خداوند در راستای حق مشارکت، و نیز حق وانهادن حکومت به شایستگان به‌مثابه امانت؛ از یافته‌های پژوهش به‌مثابه اجزا و ارکان رهیافت مشارکت‌سیاسی «حداکثری‌مشروط» (و-اکارگزارانه) است..

Keywords [Persian]

  • دولت دینی
  • مشارکت سیاسی در قرآن
  • تفسیر سیاسی-موضوعی قرآن
  • مشارکت سیاسی حداکثری مشروط(وا-کارگزارانه)
  • مردم‌سالاری دینی
Holy Qur’an
Nahj al-Balāghah
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