نقش جنسیت(فرهنگ) در تفسیر سنتی و مدرن قرآن کریم با تاکید نقد دیدگاه بانو امین و آمنه ودود در تفسیر برخی از آیات مربوط زنان و عوامل ارائه تفسیر مدرن

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم قرآن و حدیث، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.

2 استاد گروه علوم قرآنی و عرفان اسلامی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه علوم قرآن و حدیث دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران ایران.

چکیده

ریشه‌یابی تفاوت آراء مفسران قرآن کریم (خصوصا در ارائه تفسیرهای سنتی یا مدرن) از مباحث جدی در حوزه مطالعات اسلامی است. برخی از مفسران درحوزه آیات مربوط به زنان دیدگاه‌های سنتی ارائه داده‌اند و برخی دیگر دیدگاه‌های مدرن ارائه کرده‌اند مقاله پیش رو به بررسی جنسیت(به معنای فرهنگ) پرداخته و تاثیر آن را در ارائه تفسیر سنتی و مدرن بررسی می‌نماید و در نهایت بررسی می‌‌کند چه عواملی در ارائه دیدگاه‌های مدرن تاثیرگذار است. روش جمع‌آوری مطالب به صورت کتابخانه‌ای بوده و روش پردازش به آن‌ها به صورت توصیفی-تحلیلی می‌‌باشد. پس از بررسی‌ها مشخص شد پیش فرض‌ها و فرهنگ‌های متفاوت در ارائه تفاسیر متفاوت نقش دارند که نمونه ارائه تفسیر سنتی درباره زنان در تفسیر بانو امین دیده می‌‌شود و نمونه تفسیر مدرن در دیدگاه‌های آمنه ودود وجود دارد عواملی هم که سبب ارائه تفاسیر مدرن می‌‌شود عبارتنداز: 1- شکوفایی عقول‌بشر؛ 2- سیروسفر؛ 3- مواجهه با افراد خاص و 4- شرایط فرهنگی    و اجتماعی.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Holmes, Mar. (2007). Gender in Everyday Life, Labibi, Muhammad Mahdi, Tehran: Naqd-afkar.
‘Abbasi, Hasan, Hujjati. & Seyyed Muhammad Baqir. (2017). Investigation of the function of "social conditions" in the way of Shia and Sunni commentators interpretation of the verse Mavaddat from the perspective of religious sociology, Sociological Studies, year 11, number 38, 101 -118.
‘Abd al-Razzaq al-Sa’ani. (1999). Tafsir ‘Abd al- Razzaq, edition. Mahmud Muhammad Muhammad ‘Abduh, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah.
 ‘Ali Rida Azad. (2013). Tafsir of the Qur'an and Classical Hermeneutics, first edition, Qum: Bostan Kitab Institute.
‘Ali, Javad. (1988). Detailed history of Arabs before Islam, translated by Muhammad Husayn Ruhani, first edition, Tehran: Babol Bookstore.
‘Allameh Hilli, Hasan bin Yusuf. (1993). Tazkira al-Fuqaha, Qum: Dar Ahya al-Turath al-‘Arabi.
Abu Hayyan Andalusi. (1993). Al-Bahr al-Muhit, Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah, Beirut.
Abu Ishaq al-Zujaj, Ibrahim ibn al-Sari ibn Sahl. (1987). Ma’ani al-Qur’an va ’Irabeh, Beirut: Alim al-Kutub.
Abu Sulayman, Abdul Hamid Ahmad. (2001). "Al-Fahm al-Maqasidi, Darb al-Marah Vasilah Lehallel Ikhtilaf al-Zawjiyah", Islamic magazine Al-Ma’rifah, year 6, number 24, 69-86.
Abul Futuh Razi, Hussayn bin ‘Ali. (1987). Rud al-Jinnan va Ruh al-Jinan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi Islamic Research Foundation.
Al-Bukhari, Muhammad ibn Ismail. (2001). Sahih Bukhari. first edition, Damascus: Dar Tawq al-Najah.
Al-Najafi Al-Jawahiri, Muhammad Hasan. (1983). Jawahir Al-Kalam, vol. 31, Tehran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyeh.
Bastani, Susan, Dasturi; Mozhgan. (2016). "Investigating the effect of gender in the discourse of a case study of two contemporary translations of the Qur’an", Women's Research, Year 5, Number 3, Winter, pp. 30-5
Bauer,Karen.(2008). Room for interpretation:Qur’anic exegesis and gender, ProQuest Information and Learning Company, Princeton.
Elahi Khurasani, ‘Ali. (2012). "Paradigmatic criticism of the traditional approach to the social responsibility of Muslim women", Hawzeh magazine, year 29, no. 164, 161-176.
Fakhr Razi, Muhammad bin ‘Umar. (1999). al-Tafsir al-Kabir, Beirut: Dar Ahya al-Turath al-‘Arabi.
Foster, carly hayden. (2011). sexism. the encyclopedia of political science.
Garrett, Baqai. (2010). Sociology of Gender, Baqai, Katayun, Tehran: Digar publication.
Haji Isma’ili, Muhammad Rida; Kamalvand, Peyman & Rahimi, Sajjad. (2012). "The role of presuppositions and preconceptions in the interpretation of the Holy Qur’an from the perspective of Ayatollah Javadi Amuli ", biannual scientific research journal of Qur’an and Hadith Studies, year 6, No. 2, 72-101.
Hassan-zadeh, Mahdi; Murtadavi, Seyyed Muhammad. (2015). "Semantics of "Fu’ad" in the Qur'an", Linguistic Studies of the Qur'an, Year 5, Number 2, 105-114.
Hedayatullah, ‘Ayesha. (1979). Feminist Margins of the Qur'an, translated by Mardiyeh Mardiyah and Nafiseh Daneshfard, Tehran: Kargadan.
Hijazi, Ilaheh, Rida Dust, Zahra. (2012). "Investigating the effect of sex and gender schemas on friendship patterns", Zan Jamia, year 3, number 3, 57-77.
Ibn ‘Abd Rabbah. (1986). al-‘Iqd al-Farid, Trihini, ‘Abdul Majid, Qumiha, Mufid Muhammad, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah.
Ibn ‘Arabi, Muhammad bin ‘Ali, (2009), al-Futuhat Makkiyyah fi Ma'rafah Asrar al-Malkiyyah va al-Malakiyyah, vol. 14, Tehran: Mula.
Ibn ‘Arabi, Muhammad bin ‘Ali, (2009), Rahmah min al-Rahman fi Tafsir va Isharat al-Qur'an, Volume 1 Qum: Ayat Ishraq
Ibn ‘Ashur, Muhammad Tahir (1999), Tahir va al-Tanvir, Beirut: Mu’assissah Al-Tarikh Al-‘Arabi.
Ibn Babawayh, Muhammad Bin ‘Ali, (1992), Man La Yahdar al-Faqih, Qum: Qum Seminary Islamic Publication Office.
Ibn Hajar, (1912), Lisan Al-Mizan, Heydarabad Deccan.
Ibn Kathir, Isma’il bin ‘Umar, (1998), Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim, Beirut: Dar al-Kutab al-‘Ilmiyah.
Ibn Qayyim Juziyeh, Muhammad Ibn Abi Bakr. (1989). al-Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Karim, Beirut: Dar va Maktabah Al-Hilal.
Ibn Wahab Dinwari, ‘Abdullah bin Muhammad. (2003). Ibn Wahab al-Muslimi al-Vadih fi Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Karim, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyah.
Islami, Arezu, Shafi’i, Sa’id, Iqbal, Ibrahim, ‘Abai, Mahmud. (1979). Hermeneutics and female reading of the Qur'an: analysis and review of Amina Wadud’s opinions. Qur'anic Studies Quarterly, 12(46), 557-575
Islamiyat, Mardiyah. (2009). Banu Amin and Tafsir of Makhzan Al-‘Irfan, Tehran, Khane Kitab Publishing House.
Izutsu, Toshihiko. (1993). The life and thought of Ibn ‘Arabi. translated by Hemmati, Homayun, Keyhan Farhangi, year 10, number 96, 38-41.
Javadi Amuli, ‘Abdullah (2005), woman in the mirror of Jalal va Jamal, Tehran: Raja Cultural Publishing Center.
Javadi Amuli, ‘Abdullah, (1991), Epistemology in the Qur'an, Qum, Markaz Modiriyat Huzeh ‘Ilmi Qum.
Khandagh-abadi, Husayn. (2014). Historical textualism; A look at Amina Wadud's interpretation method, focusing on the interpretation of verse 34 of Surat Al-Nisa’. Siraj Munir, 6(18), 41-76
Khui, Seyyed Abul Qasim, Gharavi, ‘Ali. (1986). Al-Tanqih fi Sharh al-‘Urwa al-Wuthqa, vol. 1, Qum: Lutfi.
Kurzman, Charle. (2004). Modernism, Encyclopedia Of Islam And The Muslim World ed.Rechard c.Martin. New York.
Ma’rifat, Muhammad Hadi, Hakim Bashi, Hasan, (2010). "Women in the eyes of the Qur'an and in the culture of the time of descent (1)", Qur'anic Research Quarterly, Year 7, Nos. 25 and 26, 26-53.
Maccoby. E.& Jacklin, C. (1974).The psychology of Sex Differences. Stanford:Stanford University press.395-425.
Michael Cook. (2000). The Koran: A very short introduction, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 104.
Muhassis, Mardiyah, Qadi-zadeh, Kadim, Ayazi, Muhammad ‘Ali, (2014). "’Allameh Muhammad Husayn Fadlullah and the idea of social coexistence in the interpretation of the verses of the Qur'an", Journal of Research on the Sciences of the Qur'an and Hadith, year 12, number 25, 101 -120.
Muir, Anne & Jessel, David. (2019). The Gender of the Brain, translated by Mahdi Qaracheh Daghi, Tehran: Liosa.
Mustaqimi, Mahdiyah Sadat. (2007). "A Philosophical Analysis of Intrinsic Value and Gender", Women's Strategic Studies, Year 11, No. 42, 132-161.
Nasiri, ‘Ali, Nasiri, Muhammad Husayn, (2013). "Criticism and examination of views on the aspects of men's superiority over women", Qur’anic Researches, year 17, no. 67, 158-189.
Nikzad, ‘Abbas, (2004). "Normalization of violence against women in fake hadiths", Strategic Studies of Women, 7th year, number 23, 105-134.
Payandeh, Abul-Qasim. (2013). Nahj al-Fasahah, Qum: Ansarian.
Qaini, Muhsin, (1994). "Beating a woman is one of the effects of male leadership", Women magazine, year 11, vol. 19, pp. 71-72.
Qeysari, Dawud Bin Mahmud, (2013), Sharh Fusus al-Hukm Ibn ‘Arabi, Khajawi, third edition, vol. 2, Muhammad, Tehran: Mula.
Qumi, ‘Ali Ibn Ibrahim. (1984). Tafsir al-Qumi, Qum: Dar al-Kitab
Qurtubi, Muhammad bin Ahmad. (1985). Al-Jami’ Al-Ahkam al-Qur'an, Tehran: Nasir Khosrow.
Rabbani Golpaygani, ‘Ali. (2004). Hermeneutics and Logic of Understanding Religion, first edition, Qum: Markaz Modiriyat Huzeh ‘Ilmi Qum.
Rajabi, Mahmud. (2014). Methodology of Tafsir, 7th edition, Qum: Pazhoheshgah Huzeh va Daneshgah.
Rippin,Andrew. (2001). Muslims: their religious beliefs and practices. New York: routledge.
Sadr al-Din Shirazi, Muhammad bin Ibrahim. (1981). Al-Asfar al-‘Arba’ah, third edition, vol. 7., Beirut: Dar Ahya al-Turath al-‘Arabi.
Salimi, Suhrab, (2003). "Thinking is a product of social conditions", Kitab Sahneh, year 6, number 33, 63-65.
Seyyed Murtada, Seyyed Abul-qasem ‘Ali bin Husayn Musavi Baghdadi. (1984). Rasa’il al-Sharif al- Murtada, Qum: Dar al-Qur'an al-Karim.
Shajariyan, Mahdi, (2018). "The effect of gender on knowledge, a feminist perspective with an emphasis on ‘Allameh Tabatabai's theory of validity", Journal of Strategic Studies of Women, year 22, no. 86, 59-77.
Tabari, Muhammad Bin Jarir. (1991). Jami’ Al-Bayan, Beirut: Dar al-Ma’rifah.
 Tabarsi, Fadl bin Hasan, (1993), Majma’ al-Bayan, Tehran: Nasir Khosrow.
Tabatabai Yazdi, Seyyed Muhammad Kazim, (2007), Al-‘Urwa al-Wuthqa ma’a Ta’liqat, Qum, Madrasah Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (a.s.).
Tabatabai, Muhammad Husayn, (2013), Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an, Beirut: AlMu’assissah al-‘Ilmi lil-Matbuat.
Vaziri, ‘Ali-reza, (2012). "Secrets of success in writing (5)", Muballighan, 14th year, number 150, 85-94.
Wahidi, ‘Ali bin Ahad, (2008), al-Tafsir al-Basit, Riyadh: Jami’a al-Imam Muhammad bin Sau’ud.
Zamakhshari, Mahmud bin ‘Umar, (1986), Al-Kashaf, B