نقد و بررسی مسأله‌ غایت‌مندی افعال الهی از دیدگاه رنه دکارت با تکیه بر منابع اسلامی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه معارف اسلامی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.

چکیده

غایت‌مندی افعال الهی از جمله مباحث مهم دینی در میان اندیشمندان است. اعتقاد به علم، حکمت، قدرت و عدالت خداوند، غایت‌مندی افعال خداوند را اقتضا دارد. پژوهش حاضر با محوریت دیدگاه رنه دکارت پیرامون پاسخ به شبهه تشخیص غایت‌مندی افعال الهی و با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی انجام شده است. در یافته‌های پژوهش ضمن تبیین دیدگاه دکارت در دو حوزه‌؛ اصل غایت‌مندی افعال الهی و امکان شناخت غایات افعال الهی، ضمن تایید حوزه‌ اول دیدگاه وی، در حوزه‌ دوم و براساس قرائن برون دینی(عقل) و مبانی درون دینی (قرآن و روایات)، شبهه مطرح شده مورد نقد و بررسی قرار گرفته شده است. نتیجه‌ پژوهش بیانگر آن است که دکارت به رغم اعتقاد به غایت‌مندی افعال الهی، دسترسی و شناخت علت غائی در افعال الهی را به دلیل محدودیت‌های انسان امری ناممکن می‌داند، حال آنکه در نقد و تقابل با این مطلب و براساس شواهد خارجی و آموزه‌های دینی قرآنی، افعال الهی نه تنها از غایت‌مندی برخوردار بوده، بلکه شناخت آنها نیز امکانپذیر بوده و در موارد گوناگونی بدان‌ اذعان شده است.

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